Synthesis and Application of Green powder detergents based on Starch, Mixed Glycols and Maleic Anhydride

 

J.R. Dontulwar

Department of Chemistry, PIET, Nagpur 440019

*Corresponding Author E-mail: jdontulwar@yahoo.co.in

 

ABSTRACT:

Various Ecofriendly Polymer Detergents formulated using Starch, Sorbitol, and Maleic Anhydride as raw material. The formulations U1 to U 4 were formulated using least proportion of Sodium Tripolyphosphate, Sodium  Lauryl Sulphate and acid slurry which are used in excess commercial samples leading to pollution. All these samples had shown excellent performance in terms of surface tension reduction, foam volume and percent detergency.

 

KEYWORDS:

 

 

1. INTRODUCTION:

The Starch, mixed glycols and maleic anhydride polymer was synthesized using simple method.1 The starch and mixed glycol based polymer was found to be ecofriendly in nature and shows BOD to COD ratio 0.5976.2

 

The hydrophilic liphophilic balance of the polymer was found to be 11.88 indicating its usability for detergent formulation2. Various powder detergents were formulated using an ecofriendly polymer which was discussed earlier3.

 

The formulated ecofriendly powder detergents U1 to U 4 have shown excellent performance in terms of  surface tension, foam volume, percent detergency.

 

 

Table1 Synthesis of Polymer Based on Starch, Sorbitol, Glycerol, Maleic Anhydride.

Raw Material

Batch 14 (%)

Starch

30.76

Sorbitol

26.92

Glycerol

26.92

Maleic Anhydride

15.38

 

 

Table2Composition of Powder Detergents of Polymer 14 (Composition % by Weight)

RAW MATERIALS

U1

U2

U3

U4

Polymer (100%)

4.464

8.92

13.39

17.85

Acid Slurry (100%)

4.464

8.92

13.39

17.85

Sodium Carbonate

65.71

59.82

47032

38.39

Ethylene Diamine.Tetraacetic.Acid.

1.785

1.785

1.785

1.785

Sodium tripolyphosphate

8.92

8.92

8.92

8.92

Sodium Lauryl Sulphate

1.785

1.785

1.785

1.785

Sodium

Lauryl Ether Sulphate.

1.785

1.785

1.785

1.785

Carboxy Methyl Cellulose.

0.446

0.446

0.446

0.446

water

12

12

12

12

Note: Polymer Was Used As A Solution In Water (74%Solid)

Acid Slurry Was Used As A Solution In Water (84%Solid

 

 

Table3 Physicochemical Properties of powder Detergents (Polymer 14)

Sr. No.

Sample

pH Value

Moisture Content

1

U1

7.55

7 %

2

U2

8.33

7.25 %

3

U3

9.22

8.00 %

4

U4

9.66

8.4 %

 

 

Table4 Study of Surface Tension of Water at Various Concentration of Detergent

Sample

Concentration

S.T.in dynes/cm

%reduction in S.T. of water

U1

0.1

34.90

50.96

0.25

31.86

55.24

0.5

28.47

60.00

1

26.38

62.93

U2

0.1

33.17

53.39

0.25

30.42

57.26

0.5

27.48

61.39

1

24.32

65.83

 

U3

0.1

31.10

56.30

0.25

27.10

61.92

0.5

24.98

64.90

1

23.15

67.47

U4

0.1

30.10

57.71

0.25

26.49

62.78

0.5

21.54

69.73

1

16.33

77.05

Surf excel

0.1

46.42

35.61

0.25

42.66

40.83

0.5

32.95

54.29

1

22.85

67.89

 

 

Table 5 Study of Foam Volume At 0.1 % Concentration of Detergent

SR.NO.

SAMPLE

FOAM VOLUME IN CM3

TIME IN MIN

0

5

10

15

20

1

U1

80

70

70

70

70

2

U2

100

90

90

90

90

3

U3

160

150

150

150

150

4

U4

240

230

230

230

230

5

Surf excel

80

80

70

70

70

 

 

Table 6 Study of Foam Volume At 0.25%Concentration of Detergent

SR.NO.

SAMPLE

FOAM VOLUME IN CM3

TIME IN MIN

0

5

10

15

20

1

U1

120

100

100

100

100

2

U2

140

120

120

120

120

3

U3

230

230

230

230

230

4

U4

380

380

380

380

380

5

Surf excel

150

150

140

140

140

 

 

Table 7 Study of Percent Detergency at Different Concentration on   Soil Stained Cotton Cloth

Ro=Reflectance Measured On Clean Cotton Cloth=80.1

Rs=Reflectance Measured On Soiled Cotton Cloth=22

Rw=Reflectance Measured On Washed Cotton Cloth.

SR.NO.

SAMPLE

CONCENTRATION

%

DETERGENCY

1

 

U1

01

67.95

0.25

77.74

2

U2

0.1

75.85

0.25

88.40

3

U3

0.1

83.07

0.25

92.70

4

U4

0.1

85.82

0.25

96.83

7

Surf excel

0.1

76.49

0.25

80.26

 

Table 8Study of Percent Detergency at Different Concentration on   Tea Stained Cotton Cloth

Ro=Reflectance Measured On Clean Cotton Cloth=80.1

Rs=Reflectance Measured On Tea cotton Cloth=33

Rw=Reflectance Measured On Washed Cotton Cloth

SR.NO.

SAMPLE

CONCENTRATION

% DETERGENCY

1

U1

01

71.22

0.25

79.08

2

U2

0.25

81.16

0.1

88.89

3

U3

0.1

91.88

0.25

94.23

4

U4

0.1

95.93

0.25

97.57

5

Surf excel

0.1

76.49

0.25

80.26

 

Table 9 Study of Percent Detergency at Different Concentration on Coffee Stained Cotton Cloth

Ro=Reflectance Measured On Clean Cotton Cloth=80.1

Rs=Reflectance Measured On Coffee Cotton Cloth=29

Rw=Reflectance Measured On Washed Cotton

SR.

NO.

SAMPLE

CONCENTRATION

% DETERGENCY

1

 

U1

01

74.35

0.25

80.84

2

U2

0.1

83.63

0.25

89.44

3

U3

0.1

93.36

0.25

94.94

4

U4

0.1

97.46

0.25

98.26

7

Surf excel

0.1

76.49

0.25

80.26

 

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS:

As evident from table 1, An Ecofriendly carbohydrate, mixed glycols and maleic anhydride polymer was synthesized using starch 30.76 %, Sorbitol 26.92%, Glycerol 26.92%, Maleic anhydride 15.38 %, Which has ecofriendly range of BOD to COD ratio ie 0.5976.

 

As evident from table 2 various green powder detergents were formulated using varying proportions of polymer, acid slurry and various components. Usually commercial samples contains high proportion of Sodium tripolyphosphate, Sodium Lauryl Sulphate, Acid slurry etc. But the formulations U1 to U4  the percentage of all these components has been kept to very lower side.

 

As evident from table 3 that all the samples from U1 to U4  have shown pH range to the alkaline side which promotes cleaning action. The moisture level of all the samples found to be lower side.

 

As evident from table 4 that all the samples shows excellent performance in terms of surface tension reduction of water used for cleaning cloth. The sample U4 found   to reduce surface tension of water by 57.71 % at 0.1% concentration of detergent. Likewise the samples U2, U1, U3  have shown fairly excellent performance as far as reduction in surface tension of water is concerned.

 

Table 5 and 6 depicts the foam volume of performance of green powder detergents i.e. U1 to U4   and commercial sample surf excel. It is seen that all those samples shows excellent foam volume even at lowest concentration of detergents. The sample U4  shows highest foam volume in the series.

 

The foam volume and foam forming tendency of detergents has positive effect on cleaning tendency of detergents of detergents and contributes to cosmetic importance of detergents to a large extent.

 

Table 7 indicates that the most important study of detergent i.e. percent detergency. The percent detergency on soil stained cotton cloth was determined using known method discussed earlier 4.

 

The sample U 4 found to be excellent formulation with highest cleaning percentage 85.82% at 0.1% concentration of detergent and 96.83 % detergency at 0.25 % concentration of detergent.

 

The samples U 2, U 1, U 3 are showing excellent performance are comparable to commercial samples and sometime even better than that. The samples U1 to U4  contains equivalent proportion of polymer and acid slurry. The EDTA percentage kept to very lower side i.e. 1.785.The percentage of sodium carbonate varied from 65.71 to 38.39.

 

The percent detergency on tea stained cotton cloth was performed and as seen from table-8 that the sample U4   has shown excellent percent detergency i.e.95.93 % on tea stained cotton cloth at 0.1% concentration of detergent followed by U3, U2, U1, 93.36%, 83.63%, 74.35% respectively at same concentration of detergents. These values are highest in the series in terms of percent detergency study conducted on Soil stained, Tea stained, Coffee stained cotton cloths.

 

CONCLUSION:

The green powder detergents U1 to U4 formulated using least percentage of Conventional pollution causing chemicals such as STTP,SLS,SLES and Acid Slurry are showing remarkably extraordinary performance as far as reduction in surface tension of water, Foam volume and percent detergency is concerned.

 

REFERENCES:

1.       J.R. Dontulwar, D.K. Borikar, Asian Journal of Research in Chemistry, 2011, 4(7), 1084-1087.

2.       J.R. Dontulwar, D.K. Borikar, Asian Journal of Research in Chemistry, 2012, 3(2), 197-1990

3.       J.R. Dontulwar, Asian Journal of Research in Chemistry, 2013, 6(7), 690-693.

4.       J.R. Dontulwar, Der Pharma Chemica, 2013, 5(3), 179-184.

5.       J.R. Dontulwar, D.K. Borikar, Carbohydrate Polymer, 2006, 63,375-378.

6.       J.R. Dontulwar, D.K. Borikar, Carbohydrate Polymer, 2006, 65,207-210.

 

 

 

Received on 10.03.2014         Modified on 30.03.2014

Accepted on 02.04.2014         © AJRC All right reserved

Asian J. Research Chem. 7(5): May 2014; Page 527-529