Cytotoxic
Effect of U(VI) and Mo(VI) Peroxo Complexes Against
Brine Shrimp
Md.Kudrat-E-Zahan1*,
Md. Abdul Alim2, M.M. Haque1, Lokonuzzaman Ahmmed1,
M. Sher Ali1
and M. Saidul Islam1
1Inorganic
Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Rajshahi,
Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh
2Department
of Analytical and Environmental Chemistry, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman
Science & Technology University, Gopalganj, Bangladesh
*Corresponding Author E-mail: kudrat.chem@ru.ac.bd
ABSTRACT:
Some
new mixed ligand peroxo complexes of U(VI) and Mo(VI) with amino acids and heterocyclic amines have
been synthesized. The complexes have been obtained to be [MO(O2)(DA)2L],Where,
M= (VI), Mo(VI); DA=deprotonated amino acid such as valine, cysteine;
L=heterocyclic amines such as quinoline, isoquinoline,
8-hydoxyquinoline,1.10-phenanthroline, pyridine, 2-aminopyridine. Cytotoxic activities of
the complexes have been examined against brine shrimp nauplii. U(VI)
complexes were found to be more toxic to brine shrimp then Mo(VI) complexes.
KEYWORDS: Peroxo complexes,
Cytotoxicity, Brine Shrimp, Heterocyclic amines
Transition
metals, in combination with a variety of ligands, has been shown to exhibit cytotoxic
or antibiotic activity. The emergence of strains resistant to antimicrobial
agents may be bringing to an end the so called “antibiotic era” [1]. The
widespread and increasing resistance of bacterial and fungal pathogens to
commonly used antibiotics and chemotherapeutics has provided the necessary
impetus to find alternative drugs and/or therapies to which microorganisms will
not easily develop resistance. One example of these relatively novel strategies
(therapies) is antimicrobial metal complexes, which is expected to be useful in
the treatment of several severe infections [2]. Recently, cytotoxicity of few
U(VI) and Mo(VI) complexes have been reported [3-5].
In
order to understand the mechanisms of action of chemicals on cells and tissues
it is important to perform cytotoxicity tests, since the cytotoxicity of a
compound is thought to play an important role in a number of pathological
processes. In view of the importance, recently we studied few mixed
ligand complexes containing heterocyclic amine as secondary ligands and few
Schiff base containing complexes [6-15].
Here, we are going to report cytotoxic activity of some new mixed ligand peroxo
complexes of U(VI) and Mo(VI).
EXPERIMENTAL:
Reagents and chemicals:
All
chemicals were of A.R. grade. The solvents were from BDH (England), E-merck (Germany)
and Carew & Co.(Bangladesh) were used as supplied but ethanol which was
purified by refluxing the 99% crude with magnesium turnings and iodine and
finally distilled.
Preparation
of U(VI) and Mo(VI) complexes:
For
molybdenum complexes molybdic acid (1.5g, 0.01 mol) in H2O2
(30% 50 ml), for uranium complexes an ethanolic solution of UO2(NO3)2.6H2O
(0.005 mol) in 30% H2O2(50 ml) was added. After that it
was heated with constant stirring about 36
hours, cooled and filtered to obtain a clear solution. Solution of the
secondary ligand was dissolved in ethanol (30-50 ml), the solution of
other ligands i.e., valine/Cystein dissolved in aq.KOH with slow constant
stirring. These three solutions were mixed carefully with constant stirring and
reduced the volume to 50 ml by heating. The resulting precipitate was filtered,
washed with water and ethanol. The complex was dried in vaccuo over P4O10
in a vacuum desiccator.
All
the synthetic compounds showed positive results in the brine shrimp lethality
bioassay indicating that the compounds are biologically active (Table 1 and 2).
The rate of mortality of brine shrimp nauplii was found to be increased with
the increase of concentration for all the complexes. The concentration 160 mg/ml caused 100% mortality in brine shrimp for all the
complexes of U(VI) and Mo(VI) at 24h exposure. About 80% mortality was achieved
at 160 ml/ml. concentration for
U(VI) complexes but at the same concentration caused 90% mortality for the
Mo(VI) complexes at 24h. exposure.
Table 1.
Brine shrimp lethality bioassay for U(VI) complexes.
|
Complexes |
24h. Exposure |
|
|
LC50 (mg/ml) |
95%conf. limit(mg/ml) |
|
|
[UO(O2)(Val)2(Py)2] |
37.46 |
23.74-59.12 |
|
[UO(O2)(Val)2(Q)2] |
29.95 |
13.35-45.94 |
|
[UO(O2)(Val)2(IQ)2] |
24.12 |
15.56-37.39 |
|
K[UO(O2)(Val)2(8-HQ)] |
18.23 |
11.12-30.05 |
|
[UO(O2)(Val)2(1,10 Phen)] |
13.74 |
8.20-23.022 |
|
[UO(O2)(Val)2(2-Apy)] |
28.9 |
19.44-43.16 |
|
[UO(O2)(Cyst)2(Py)2] |
22.27 |
14.69-33.77 |
|
[UO(O2)(Cyst)2(Q)2] |
42.56 |
27.08-66.89 |
|
[UO(O2)(Cyst)2(IQ)2] |
19.61 |
11.32-33.98 |
|
[UO(O2)(Cyst)2(2-Apy)] |
13.90 |
6.91-28.43 |
Table 2. Brine shrimp lethality bioassay for Mo(VI)
complexes
|
Complexes |
24h. Exposure |
|
|
LC50 (mg/ml) |
95%conf. limit(mg/ml) |
|
|
[MoO(O2)(Val)2(Py)2] |
28.67 |
19.24-42.74 |
|
[MoO(O2)(Val)2(Q)2] |
25.05 |
13.48-48.06 |
|
[MoO(O2)(Val)2(IQ)2] |
18.14 |
11.09-29.67 |
|
[MoO(O2)(Val)2(2-Apy)] |
21.78 |
14.69-33.12 |
|
K[MoO(O2)(Val)2(8-HQ)] |
29.98 |
19.32-46.54 |
|
[MoO(O2)(Val)2(1,10
Phen)] |
58.51 |
36.32-94.54 |
|
[MoO(O2)(Cyst)2(Py)2] |
17.65 |
12.44-25.08 |
|
[MoO(O2)( Cyst)2(Q)2] |
44.52 |
21.88-92.13 |
|
[MoO(O2)( Cyst)2(IQ)2] |
42.89 |
24.98-73.66 |
|
K[MoO(O2)(Cyst)2(8-HQ)] |
13.98 |
6.91-28.28 |
The
lethality values for 50 and 95% confidence mortality limits are shown in Tables
1 and 2. The complex [UO(O2)(Val)2(1,10
Phen)] exhibit more toxic to brine shrimp compared to other
complexes of U(VI) indicating the lower values of LC50 (13.74 mg/ml). However, among Mo(VI) complexes, K[MoO(O2)(Cyst)2(8-HQ)]
showed more toxic having the lower concentration of LC50 values(13.98mg/ml).
The present investigations clearly
showed that the U(VI) complexes were found to be more toxic to brine shrimp
then Mo(VI) complexes. From the experimental indication it is observed that
probably the cytotoxicity of the complexes increases with increase of atomic
volume of the metal in a particular group.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT:
We
would like to thanks chairman, Department of pharmacy, University of Rajshahi
for providing laboratory facility.
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Received
on 21.04.2015 Modified on 11.05.2015
Accepted
on 30.05.2015 © AJRC All right
reserved
Asian J. Research Chem. 8(11): November 2015; Page 661-663
DOI: 10.5958/0974-4150.2015.00106.6