INTRODUCTION:

Since December 2019, a COVID-19 pandemic has spread to countries around the world^1,2. As a result of the outbreaks, the WHO has taken extreme measures, including closing schools and work places. Knowing the age structure of epidemics is crucial to developing public health policies. When studying population heterogeneity in the context of infectious diseases, susceptibility and infectivity are two important aspects to consider³. It is clear that children are far less likely than adults to have severe symptoms of the disease at this stage of the pandemic. The prevalence of children diagnosed with cancer is significantly lower than that of their population. An unknown coronavirus causes COVID-19⁴, which has never been seen in humans before. Most older people will not experience fever from COVID-19, but they may experience mild symptoms, such as dry cough, tiredness, and fever⁵.

Symptoms of the flu include sore throats, runny noses, aches and pains, and diarrhea. Infection can affect people without causing any symptoms or making them feel unwell. Treatment is not necessary in most cases of the disease.

COVID-19 causes serious illness and difficulty breathing to about 1 out of every 6 people who contract it. Different people are affected by COVID-19 in different ways. Viruses can infect and spread to people of any age. People with pre-existing medical conditions and those who are older are more likely to suffer severe symptoms. COVID-19 is a new virus, and we are still learning about its effects on women and children⁶. Nevertheless, we shouldn't be unduly anxious as parents. Among children in India, COVID-19 cases requiring hospitalization are very rare. Infections in children are generally very mild around the world and in India. Children are less likely than adults and the elderly to develop severe diseases, but still a few may have them. COVID-19 can also cause severe illness in children with obesity, diabetes, asthma or chronic lung disease, sickle cell disease, or immunosuppression⁷. For children exhibiting symptoms, their paediatrician/family doctor/health provider should be consulted. The importance of early diagnosis and treatment cannot be overstated. COVID-19 children are responding well in most cases to home treatment for symptomatic conditions, according to initial reports. Keep the child well-hydrated and record the temperature and oxygen saturation at home with a pulse oximeter if one is available. Provide a light and soft diet, and plenty of fluids. To improve health and immunity, vitamin C and zinc may be given.

If their doctor recommends it, they can also be given other nutritional supplements, such as multivitamin syrup, vitamin D, and calcium. Most patients who develop symptoms recover without the need for hospital treatment (about 80%). The majority of those who become seriously ill need oxygen, while 5% need intensive care. Respiratory failure, acute respiratory distress syndrome, sepsis and septic shock, thromboembolism, and/or multiorgan failure, including injuries to the heart, liver, or kidneys, can cause death. A severe inflammatory syndrome can develop in some children after an infection within a few weeks. The parents need to strike a balance between their children's need for safety and their own need for learning and socialization⁸. For information on the local spread of COVID-19, local rules and recommendations, and school procedures, parents should contact their local school system and health department. Safeguard children and minimize risk to them, their friends, family members, including grandparents, and other vulnerable members of the society.

GENESIS:

Among the illnesses of 2019 is Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), a newly identified strain of coronavirus that has spread to Wuhan, China. As a result of COVID-19 in India, parents are looking for information about child protection⁹.

Children are more likely to contract COVID-19 as the number of people infected with it has increased across India. In India, the COVID-19 shows no abrupt increase in the percentage of pretentious children. We need to remain cautious even if we adhere strictly to COVID-19-related behaviors. A child's daily feelings are also important to monitor.

SYMPTOMS:

The most common symptoms of COVID-19 in children are coughing and fever. Children should be evaluated for SARS-CoV-2 infection with a high index of suspicion, however, because these symptoms may not always be present. The following symptoms may also be present^10,11:

· Breathlessness

· A sore throat or erythema of the pharynx

· Having diarrhea

· Achy muscles

· Tiredness

· Rhinitis

· Intimidation

· Congestion of the nasal passages

· Pain in the abdomen

· Itchy eyes

· Rash

· Anomia (loss of the sense of smell) and/or ageusia (loss of taste)

DIAGNOSIS:

Despite the lack of a consistent pattern of characteristic laboratory findings, the following abnormalities have been observed in children with confirmed COVID-19¹²:

· Lymphopenia

· Lactate dehydrogenase, liver enzymes, and muscle enzymes are increased.

· The concentrations of creatine kinase isoenzyme and myoglobin were increased.

· A high level of C-reactive protein (CRP)

· ESR elevated

· There was an increase in procalcitonin levels.

· D-dimer elevated

PREVENTION:

Coronavirus contagion cannot be prevented with medications or pills. Vaccines that primarily prevent infection are available. At present, the vaccines are only approved for use in adults¹³.

· Stay away from hospitals and medical centres whenever possible, except for critical supplies or medical treatment.

· Make sure to cover your nose with a face mask when outdoors. A mask can also be worn by children over the age of two.

· Use soap or 70% sanitizer to hand wash frequently.

· Anyone older than 18 should get vaccinated.

· Do not attend public meetings, avoid social gatherings, and don't join clusters.

· Talk to the children about COVID-19 Appropriate Behaviour from time to time.

BOOSTING IMMUNITY:

When one has a healthy immune system and a well-balanced diet, it is intolerable to go awry. A healthy immune system can protect you from any sickness, including the new Coronavirus or COVID-19. COVID-19 cannot be protected from at present by using home management. However, there are several vitamins and foods one can consume to stay healthy¹⁴.

Yogurt:

As a regular probiotic, yogurt assists our bodies in developing favorable bacteria. Make sure to start from scratch when creating it. Take complements, regardless of what caused the sore throat. However, yogurt may exacerbate a sore throat, but probiotics are necessary to develop immunity¹⁵.

Turmeric:

The golden spice, turmeric, has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Chemically, turmeric contains curcumin, a powerful anti-inflammatory that strengthens the immune system and helps heal wounds and infections. Turmeric milk is recurrently recommended for this reason¹⁶.

Natural anti-virus drink:

Drinks like tulsi, star anise (a spice), and garlic can shield against seasonal flu transmissions. The onslaught of toxins and the reinforcement of immunity resulting from it¹⁷.

Vitamins:

Vitamins C and D are essential for boosting the immune system. This perseverance should be applied to other citrus fruits and vegetables, such as Amla, Lemon, Orange, and others. The vitamin D found in eggs and mushrooms may also come from these sources¹⁸.

Zinc:

Zinc contributes to the proper function of the immune system and metabolism. In addition to cashews and pumpkin seeds, foods that contain zinc include chickpeas and chickpea products¹⁹.

TREATMENT:

Parents can endure taking care of children who test positive for COVID-19. Nevertheless, parents should do the following to care for their children²⁰:

· Masks should be used properly.

· To protect themselves, they should wear personal protective equipment (PPE), including gloves.

Leave children with COVID-19 with grandparents if the virus is established or suspected. Elderly people are at a very high risk of developing COVID-19-related thoughtful disease. Therefore, unless a child has a prominent corona, the grandparents will not be left in contact or left with the child.

Parental worries are not excessive, however. We have rarely countersigned COVID-19 cases in India requiring mandatory hospitalization. Children in India and around the world suffer from only minor illnesses. COVID-19 is asymptomatic in 60 to 70 percent of children who contract it.

VACCINATION:

There is no medicine or pill that can prevent Coronavirus infection. A vaccine to prevent disease has only recently become widely available. There is no restriction regarding when these vaccines can be administered (Covaxin, Covisheild, Sputnik V, etc.)²¹.

Tocilizumab, Remdesivir, and Favipiravir have all been found effective for treating AIDS. The medications available for COVID-19 patients are not effective for all patients. Intensive care patients are usually only given these medications. They have basically never been required for COVID-19 children to date. Only a doctor can prescribe medicine. After becoming asymptomatic from COVID (after infection) a child can be immunized for up to two weeks²². Three months are needed following the high-dose steroids if they are followed by vaccination.

CONCLUSION:

Immunity is boosted to protect against COVID-19. The protection from COVID-19 will be relaxed if one has a strong immune system and a healthy diet. 60 to 70 percent of children with COVID-19 do not show any symptoms. From time to time, parents and children can talk about COVID-19 Appropriate Behaviour.

CONFLICT OF INTEREST:

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT:

The authors are thankful to the College Management for providing the facilities and encouragement for doing this work.

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Received on 29.08.2021 Modified on 14.09.2021

Asian J. Research Chem. 2021; 14(6):455-458.

DOI: 10.52711/0974-4150.2021.00080