Study of Potassium and Sodium content of Mahad-Raigad Tertiary Soil by Flame Photometry
Dhanraj Kamble1, Pravin Chavan2*, Valmik Jondhale3
1Deptartment of Chemistry, Sarswati Bhuvan Education Society’s, College of Science,
Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India.
2Department of Chemistry, Doshi Vakil Arts College and G.C.U.B. Science and Commerce College,
Goregaon-Raigad, Maharashtra, India.
3Department of Chemistry, Arts, Commerce and Science College, Shrivardhan-Raigad, Maharashtra, India.
*Corresponding Author E-mail: chemistryp141286@gmail.com
ABSTRACT:
The present study is devoted to determine the content of K, Na, pH of soil samples collected from Mahad tehsil territory. Elements leached from the deposits of the fertilizers have been accumulated in soil, thus constituting to soil pollution index. Focusing this study was carried out to compare out the nutrient contents of barren soil and Rice field soil in Mahad tehsil tertiary, by Flame photometry analysis.
KEYWORDS: Flame photometer, pH- meter, Quality of Soil, Sodium, Potassium.
INTRODUCTION:
Soil is one of the most significant ecological factors on which plants depend for their nutrients, water and mineral supply1. The Present study of analyzing from concerns nutrient of soil, important to farmers plant growth soil management and control the soil pollution. For knowing the soil nutrient content, soil testing is the only way that can to recommend proper fertilizers amount. For sustainable agricultural production, it’s necessary to characterize soil to evaluate fertility status of the soil. N, P, K contribute to major soil elements that help in controlling its fertility and crops yields 2,3.
Through fertilizers, chemical pollution accumulating in soil, plants, animals and human being needs to be examined. Thus, becomes essential to analyse the physico-chemical characteristics and macronutrient of the soil.
MATERIALS AND METHODS:
Materials:
A representative soil samples-following standard quadric procedure were collected from different villages of the Mahad taluka. In laboratory these samples were analyzed for different chemical parameters using standard methods.
Equipment and reagents:
Digital pH meter, Flame photometer with Na and K filters, centrifuge tubes, beakers and volumetric flask. 1.0 N ammonium acetate solution of pH 7. (Dissolve 77.08 g ammonium acetate in 1 litre double distilled water). Adjust the pH of this solution by pH meter with dilute NH4OH & acetic acid solution and make up with distilled water.
Preparation of standard KCl solution:
Dissolve 1.908 g AR grade KCl in double distilled water to make volume to 1 litre. This will give stock solution of 1000 ppm. Now take 100 mL from this stock solution and dilute it with neutral ammonium acetate up to 1 litre. This gives solution of 100 ppm K solution.
From this solution take 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 mL in volumetric flask of 100 mL capacity. This will give a series of standard solutions having 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 ppm K respectively.
Preparation of standard NaCl solution:
Dissolve 2.542 g AR grade NaCl in double distilled water to make volume to 1 litre. This will give stock solution of 1000 ppm. Now take 100 mL from this stock solution and dilute it with neutral ammonium acetate up to 1 litre. This gives solution of 100 ppm Na solution.
From this solution take 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 mL in volumetric flask of 100 mL capacity. This will give a series of standard solutions having 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 ppm Na respectively 4,5.
Method:
The ammoniums acetate extract of soil can be obtained by shaking followed by filtration.
Shaking and filtration:
Take a 5 g air dried soil in a 150 mL flask & too it pure 25ml of neutral ammonium acetate.
Shake on a mechanical shaker for 5 minutes and immediately filter it through Whatman filter paper No.1.
Determination of K and Na:
Determine K and Na (individually) in the soil extract prepared by above methods with the help of flame photometer (Model No.-EQ-855A) by keeping air pressure at 5 lbs. Adjust the gas feeder so as to have a blue sharp flame. Adjust zero reading on the scale by feeding extract solution (ammonium acetate) in the flame photometer.
Now calculate reading for each standard solution and plot a standard curve between concentration and reading of standard K and Na solution (individually).
Take extract of samples and feed in the flame photometer. Note the readings for samples and determine K and Na content in the sample with the help of standard curve 6,7.
Determination of physico-chemical parameters:
The pH of soil was determined by calibrated digital pH meter (20 g of soil sample in beaker and add 50 mL of distilled water and check the pH) 8.
RESULT:
Table 1. Potassium and Sodium Analysis:
|
|
Conc. of K (ppm) |
Emission for K+ (STD samples) |
Conc. of Na (ppm) |
Emission for Na+ (STD samples) |
|||||
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
||||||
|
04 |
04 |
04 |
12 |
||||||
|
10 |
06 |
10 |
27 |
||||||
|
16 |
10 |
16 |
49 |
||||||
|
22 |
14 |
22 |
67 |
||||||
|
30 |
18 |
30 |
92 |
||||||
|
Sr. No. |
Name of area |
pH |
- |
Emission for K+ (Unknown samples) |
- |
Emission for Na+ (Unknown samples) |
|||
|
|
|
RFSS |
BFSS |
RFSS |
BFSS |
RFSS |
BFSS |
||
|
1. |
Birwadi - |
6.77 |
6.69 |
13 |
03 |
52 |
53 |
||
|
2. |
Vahoor |
6.82 |
6.78 |
16 |
06 |
54 |
49 |
||
|
3. |
Dasgaon |
6.62 |
6.71 |
12 |
07 |
48 |
43 |
||
|
4. |
Tempale |
6.81 |
6.79 |
13 |
09 |
69 |
65 |
||
|
5. |
Dhalkati |
7.00 |
6.95 |
11 |
05 |
81 |
77 |
||
|
6. |
Varan |
6.68 |
6.67 |
17 |
11 |
56 |
52 |
||
|
7. |
Dadli |
5.84 |
5.76 |
07 |
04 |
57 |
47 |
||
|
8. |
Ambavade |
6.94 |
6.91 |
12 |
09 |
75 |
74 |
||
|
9. |
Vadvalli |
6.95 |
6.93 |
14 |
12 |
64 |
62 |
||
|
10. |
Rajewadi |
6.99 |
6.87 |
15 |
06 |
87 |
78 |
||
*RFSS= Rice Field Soil Sample and BFSS= Barren Field Soil Sample
Figure 1. Potassium content
Figure 2. Sodium content
Figure 3. Concentration of unknown in ppm
Table 1 shows that, the highest potassium conc. was found in RFSS of Varan (26.7 ppm) and lowest in RFSS of Dadli (11.8 ppm). In case of BFSS, highest was found in Vadvali (19.2 ppm) and lowest in Birwadi (4.5 ppm).
The highest Na conc. was found in RFSS of Rajewadi-(25.4 ppm) and lowest in RFSS of Dasgav (13.9 ppm). In case of BFSS, highest was found in Rajewadi-(25.4 ppm) and lowest in Dadli (14.3 ppm).
Also, Table-1 shows that, the highest pH was of Dalkati- RFSS (7.00) and lowest in RFSS of Dasgaon (6.62) and in case of BFSS, highest pH of Dalkati of BFSS (6.95) and lowest was BFSS Dadli (5.76).
CONCLUSION:
After studying the K, Na content and pH of soil, we came to conclusion that- The RFSS has greater K content than BFSS. This may be due to use of chemical fertilizers. But the Na content of RFSS is slightly greater than BFSS. The pH of RFSS greater than pH of BFSS.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST:
The authors have no conflicts of interest regarding this investigation.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS:
Authors are thankful to Principal of Doshi Vakil Arts College and G.C.U.B. Science and Commerce College, Goregaon-Raigad.
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Received on 09.08.2021 Modified on 04.09.2021
Accepted on 18.09.2021 ©AJRC All Right Reserved
Asian J. Research Chem. 2021; 14(6):417-420.
DOI: 10.52711/0974-4150.2021.00071