1. INTRODUCTION:

The world of science and engineering of waste management stands in the middle of deep scientific and engineering comprehension. Water and waste management are veritable pillars of global environmental engineering initiatives. In the similar vision MXenes and other engineered nanomaterials are the immediate needs of human scientific and academic rigor.

It is veritably aligned with integrated water resource management and integrated wastewater management. Human civilization’s immense scientific stance, scientific provenance and immense engineering vision will truly lead a long and visionary way in unveiling the scientific and engineering intricasies and ardor in the field of environmental protection science and climate science. The author in this treatise deeply pronounces and targets the needs of water resources engineering, water resource management and public health engineering in the true research pursuit in environmental and water remediation. Today is the world of Fourth Industrial Civilization and also Internet Civilization. Thus, science and engineering are huge colossus with a purpose and goal of its own. Solid waste management, wastewater management and nanotechnology are the pillars of United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. In this treatise, the authors deeply elucidates the recent advancements in the field of solid waste management as well as integrated water resource management and the application areas of Mxenes and other nanomaterials. The visionary definition of sustainability by Dr Gro Harlem Brundtland, former Prime Minister of Norway needs to be re-envisioned with scientific progress and vast academic rigor. Provision of clean drinking water and proper sanitation also stands as huge pillars and scientific and engineering pivots of tomorrow. This article targets the imminent needs of waste management and public health engineering in the true global emancipation and true realization of environmental engineering sciences, chemical process engineering and natural sciences. Applied computer science, artificial intelligence and machine learning are today revolutionizing the entire scientific landscape and the vast engineering firmament. The validation, verve and veracity of the science of waste management and nanomaterials are deeply elucidated in this treatise. Surely there will be a new dawn in human civilization, science and technology if global concerns of climate change and global warming are mitigated and ameliorated at the earliest. The authors validates these issues with deep scientific conscience, engineering vision and determination. Thus, a newer regeneration in the field of MXenes will emerge if there is a concerted and positive effort are undertaken in the field of application areas of the broad areas of nanomaterials and engineered nanomaterials.

2. The aim and Objective of this Study:

Technology and engineering of nanomaterials and waste management are today in the aisles of newer divination and deep scientific provenance. The main goal of this study is to elucidate recent advancements in the field of nanomaterials, waste water management and integrated water resource management. Today man and mankind stands tall in the middle of a deep chasm of scientific introspection and engineering vision. Arsenic and heavy metal groundwater and drinking contamination are today ravaging the human planet, human habitat and public health engineering concepts. A newer generation of scientific thoughts and scientific imagination will propel civilization towards a newer epoch in water resource management and water resource engineering. The power of scientific and engineering ambition, glory and greatness will stand tall in the middle of deep engineering and technological discernment and adjudication. Today is the age of nuclear technology and space technology. The vast knowledge prowess of conventional and non-conventional environmental engineering tools are described in details in this article. MXenes, solid waste management and water resource management are the veritable finesse of human scientific and academic rigor today. Global sustainable development goals needs to be implemented at the utmost in the proper future emancipation of environmental engineering science and nanotechnology. The author also deeply elucidates the application of nanomaterials and engineered nanomaterials in environmental protection science and climate science. MXenes are the pivots and huge colossus of environmental protection and water remediation. Thus the main aim and objective of this study addresses these engineering issues.

3. The need and the Rationale of this Study:

Global and United Nations Sustainable Development Goals are the pivots of scientific and academic rigor in the field of environmental engineering science, environmental protection science and climate science. Today there is a tremendous need of MXenes, waste management and industrial wastewater management in the true future unveiling of global sustainable development. Thus, the need and the rationale of this study. Technology is today far behind in the field of arsenic and heavy metal groundwater contamination in South Asia particularly in India and Bangladesh. There is also an immense need of conventional and non-conventional environmental engineering techniques. Scientific revelation and deep scientific provenance will veritably go a long and visionary way in unfurling the scientific truth and vast scientific imagination in environmental integrity and waste management. The need and the rationale of the present study of waste management and application of nanomaterials is immense as civilization, science, industry and society moves into the era of Fourth Industrial Revolution. Today successive scientific generations are looking ahead for newer innovations in water remediation, water sustainability and water integrity. The dawn of human civilization is today ushering in a newer epoch in the domain of environmental protection science and climate science. Technology and engineering science has today no answers to the scientific intricasies and scientific ardor in the field of groundwater and drinking water contamination. Thus, human mankind’s immense scientific revelation, deep scientific and engineering acuity and the wide vision of environmental and climate science will all be the path breakers towards newer engineering forays of science and civilization. There is also an immense need of water resource engineering and water resource management today. This article widens mankind’s vast views in the field of both environmental protection science and climate science. MXenes will widen scientific thoughts and the vast world of scientific divination in years to come.

4. Environmental and energy sustainability and the vast vision for the future:

Environmental and energy sustainability are today in the paths of newer vision, steadfastness and scientific ingenuity. The definition of sustainability as given by Dr Gro Harlem Brundtland, former Prime Minister of Norway needs to be re-envisioned and revamped with the progress of global scientific and academic rigor. Environmental management is on the other side of the visionary coin of sustainable development. Without environmental management, sustainable development cannot prosper in the global scenario. The vast vision for the future in the field of environmental and energy sustainability will surely usher in newer scientific thoughts and scientific imagination in decades to come. Drinking water treatment, industrial wastewater treatment and public health engineering are the utmost needs of human mankind and needs to be exemplified with the passage of scientific history and time. The newer dawn of human civilization and humane science and engineering are very near. In this article the author with lucid insight and scientific conscience deeply elucidates the vast and varied needs of public health engineering and its branches of waste management. Also, the areas of application areas of MXenes are highlighted in minute details. The present-day human civilization is on the pillars of charlatan and egalitarian stance. There should be a need of solid waste management, water management and wastewater management. The author deeply suggests and explains the needs of solid waste management and application of MXenes in the betterment of human society. It will surely be a newer beginning of man and mankind if sustainability and environmental management are implemented at every levels of human advancements.

5. The scientific doctrine of solid waste management and application of MXenes:

Today the scientific doctrine of solid waste management is crossing one visionary boundary over another. Technology and engineering science has today no answers to the crucial issues of arsenic and heavy metal groundwater remediation and public health engineering. The scientific doctrine of solid waste management and application areas of nanomaterials such as MXenes are today replete with vision, perseverance, inquiry and determination. A remarkable era in waste management will surely usher in if man and mankind takes positive steps towards successful realization of Global Sustainable Development Goals. Solid waste management and sustainable development goals are today opposite sides of the visionary coin. Human mankind is today in the path of newer scientific destiny and veritably scientific ingenuity. Science and engineering are today huge colossus with a deep, vast and varied vision of its own. Solid waste management also is one of the veritable pivots of Global Sustainable Development Goals. The scientific and engineering doctrine of solid waste management today goes beyond deep scientific ingenuity and deep scientific progeny. The futuristic vision and the futuristic thoughts of solid waste management should be targeted towards successful implementation of environmental and energy sustainability. The scientific destiny and deep scientific ingenuity of MXenes are detailed in this comprehensive treatise.

6. Recent scientific advancements in the field of nanomaterials, MXenes and waste management:

Civilization and engineering today stands in the middle of scientific adjudication and scientific justification. Human society’s immense scientific stance and scientific alacrity in the field of integrated waste management, nanomaterials and engineered nanomaterials will be the pallbearers towards a newer scientific genre and greater scientific perspectives in the field of environmental engineering science. A newer threshold in the field of sustainable water management and sustainable solid waste management will surely evolve if science and technology moves in the positive direction. The author in this section deeply addresses the recent scientific advancements in the field of solid waste management. A newer scientific beginning and a newer scientific regeneration will surely usher in the field of environmental engineering and chemical process engineering if mankind pursues science and engineering in the right direction.

Tunesi et al. (2021)¹ deeply elucidated in a review article application of MXenes in environmental remediation technologies. MXenes have recently been recognized and envisioned as potential materials based on their unique physical and chemical characteristics. The vastly growing field of MXenes is rapidly increasing in their application domains since their first usage as energy materials as reported in 2011.¹ The chemical nature, high hydrophilicity and high electrochemistry regard MXenes as an extremely promising avenue for environmental remediation technologies such as chemical adsorption, membrane separation, photocatalysis, and the electrocatalytic sensor designed for environmental pollutant detection. As the performance of Mxenes in these technological innovations is on a continuous path to improvement, this comprehensive literature review intends to collectively discuss the diversity of chemical abilities of MXenes. This scientific literature review is expected to promote the diversity of MXenes and their hybrid combination for advanced technologies widely applied in water and environmental remediation. The vast and rapid industrialization has veritably raised severe environmental concerns. The release of industrial wastewater without proper treatment is one of the primary causes of environmental pollution and industrial pollution. The large volume of contaminated effluent contains a mixture of toxic azo dyes, pesticides and heavy metals from various industries related to coloring, printing, plastics, leather, food and pharmaceuticals. The pharmaceutical residues and chemical toxins are another components of emerging environmental pollutants, which have a serious effect on human health and global public health engineering. ¹ Thus there is an immediate need of newer technologies and newer innovations. Among the promising technologies, adsorption, membrane separation, photocatalysis, and the electrocatalytic sensor systems designed mainly for designing and detecting the environmental pollutants are considered as effective and viable remediation technologies. A newer scientific regeneration in the field of environmental pollution control and nanomaterials are emerging as man and humankind moves forward towards a newer visionary frontier. The authors deeply discussed MXenes in chemical adsorption of recalcitrant pollutants, chemical adsorbents of dyes, chemical adsorbents of toxic ions, chemical adsorbent of radioactive ions, and MZenes in membrane separation of pollutants. MXenes in photocatalytic degradation of pollutants are the other visionary areas of this scientific research pursuit. Since the first innovations of MXenes with their tunable surface chemistry, much ease of functionalization, high hydrophilicity and excellent conductivity, have immense potential in interdisciplinary applications. The authors with scientific conscience and scientific determination addresses these engineering innovations as man and mankind moves forward.¹

Zhang et al. (2018)² deeply discussed with scientific and engineering vision adsorptive environmental applications of MXenes in a comprehensive review paper. Since titanium carbide nanosheets were first produced in 2011, an increasing number of members of this new family of two-dimensional transition metal carbides have been successfully synthesized. Due to their large specific surface area, hydrophilic nature, and abundant highly active surface sites, MXenes have been serious candidates to adsorb a variety of environmental pollutants including heavy metal ions, organic dyes, radionuclides, and gas molecules and thus can be used for environmental pollution control and sensing. With the evergrowing and rapid industrialization, environmental pollution has been extremely serious in recent times.² It poses serious threats to human health, eco systems and public health engineering. Various chemical, physical and biological tools have been developed such as membrane filtration, precipitation, adsorption, solvent extraction and sensing. Two dimensional nanomaterials have garnered immense importance due to their physical and chemical properties. The authors in this article deeply discusses structures and surface terminations of MXenes, progress of MXenes in adsorption remediation of pollutants, organic dye adsorption and radionuclide pollutant adsorption. In summary, the authors deeply discussed 2D transition metal carbides, i.e. MXenes have demonstrated very promising results in the adsorptive removal of polar and ionic pollutants including heavy metal ions, organic dyes, radionuclides and gaseous pollutants. To investigate the reliability and lifespan of recycled MXenes used as truly adsorbent materials, more detailed and careful investigations are required. The authors elucidates on these areas in minute details. Scientific and engineering provenance and ingenuity will surely unfurl the challenges of application of MXenes and other nanomaterial applications in diverse areas.²

Zhang et al. (2018)³ discussed and elucidated with scientific perseverance, grit and determination first principle studies of adsorptive remediation of water and air pollutants using two-dimensional MXenes materials. Water and air pollution control are serious environmental issues around the world. Two-dimensional transition metal carbide / nitride (MXenes nanomaterials), due to their characteristics of large specific surface area, hydrophilic nature, and abundant highly active surface sites, are able to adsorb a variety of environmental pollutants and thus can be used highly for environmental and water remediation. The authors deeply discussed development of first-principles simulation, heavy metals elements adsorption, radionuclides elements adsorption, gaseous pollutants adsorption, and their connections to environmental engineering and chemical process engineering. A newer beginning and a newer awakening in the field of nanotechnology are ushering in with verve and vitality in decades to come.³ The authors deeply describes with vision, insight and girth the needs of MXenes in water integrity and water remediation domain.³

Venkateshulu et al. (2020)⁴ deeply pronounces with vision, scientific provenance and scientific grit MXenes as a new class of 2D layered materials and their synthesis, properties applications as supercapacitor electrode and beyond. Since the discovery of MXenes in 2011, continuous research has been progressed in developing newer phases and extracting MXenes from them. The application areas are batteries, supercapacitors, photo and electrocatalysts, bio-sensors, gas-sensors, and the vast domain of water purification. This review focuses on the synthesis, properties and applications of MXenes outlining and highlighting the current challenges. Super capacitors are currently the widely researched storage systems and have immense scientific and engineering applications. The authors deeply discussed with vision and purpose supercapacitors, MXenes composites for supercapacitors, sensors and the wide fields of other applications. In summary the authors deeply discussed with cogent and lucid insight the recent trends in the synthesis of the 2D super material MXenes. Scientific regeneration and scientific rejuvenation in the field of nanomaterials applications will veritably the forerunners towards a newer engineering landscape.⁴

7. The vast domain of integrated water resource management and wastewater management:

The vast domain of integrated water resource management and wastewater management are today in the process of transformation from linear economy to circular economy. Circular economy is today in the process of newer engineering vision and deep scientific emancipation. Circular economy will surely usher in a newer dawn in environmental and water remediation. Water resource engineering and management, application of nanomaterials and circular economy are two opposite sides of the visionary coin. Today there is a huge need of water resource engineering, water resource management and wastewater management. Rapid urbanization is today destroying the human habitat and the civilization’s ecosystem. Thus, the need of a detailed treatise in integrated water resource management. Humankind’s scientific provenance, divination and engineering intellect will go a long and visionary way in truly uncovering the hidden scientific intricasies of environmental engineering science and nanomaterials. Integrated water resource management and applications of nanotechnology are the marvels of science and technology today. The world of science and technology are today witnessing immense scientific challenges, ardor and travails as civilization treads forward. MXenes in the similar vein has immense applications in vast and varied areas of science and technology. Nanomaterials and engineered nanomaterials are also in the path of scientific rejuvenation and engineering vision and provenance. Industrial wastewater treatment and management will surely open newer scientific dimensions in environmental engineering science in decades to come. The scientific doctrine needs to be revisited and reorganized in the application of nanomaterials and engineered nanomaterials with the passage of scientific history and time.

8. Recent scientific advances in water resource management, water resource engineering and nanomaterials:

Water resource management and water resource engineering are today moving in the avenues of scientific and engineering fortitude. Science, technology and humankind are moving towards a distant remarkable scientific landscape. Water integrity is a precious scientific achievement today. Water sustainability in the similar vision is widening scientific genre and engineering perspectives of tomorrow. MXenes are today revolutionizing the vast scientific and engineering landscape. The author deeply elucidates the needs and necessities of water resource management and the recent scientific advancements.

Werkneh et al. (2019)⁵ discussed with vast scientific vision applications of nanotechnology and biotechnology for sustainable water and wastewater treatment. In recent years, water pollution and freshwater scarcity have become a serious problem worldwide. It directly effects human health and public health engineering. To combat this pollution and mitigate these challenges, various treatment technologies have been positively adopted. Among these technologies and innovations, nanotechnology and biotechnology-based techniques are usually applied separately for water and wastewater treatment and water reuse. This treatise focuses on new and emerging nano-and biotechnologies for the sustainable removal of recalcitrant pollutants in water and wastewater. A newer scientific genre and vision is evolving today in the field of integrated areas of nanotechnology and biotechnology. Besides the toxicological and safety aspects are detailed in this article.⁵The authors deeply discussed in details sustainable water and wastewater treatment technologies, nanotechnology perspectives, disinfection of pathogenic microbes, photocatalytic applications of nanomaterials, and applications of nanomaterials as adsorbent. Environmental biotechnology perspectives are also discussed in minute details. Bioenergy and environmental biotechnology are the other cornerstones of this review article. Bioremediation and biotransformation tools are also discussed in minute details. The authors also added case studies in water and wastewater treatment. Toxicology perspectives are also dealt with scientific and engineering vision in details. Divination and redemption of science and technology of both biotechnology and nanotechnology will surely usher in a newer epoch in human mankind, science and society.⁵

Gopakumar et al. (2019)⁶ deeply discussed with scientific determination and girth nanomaterials, its state of art, new challenges and opportunities. Nanotechnology is today considered a multi-disciplinary branch of science integrating technological perspectives with biology, chemistry, physics and natural sciences. The authors discussed in minute details nanomaterials for water filtration, fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, graphene and nanocellulose. Nanochitin and noble metal nanoparticles are the other areas of deep scientific introspection. Nanostructured membranes stands as a vital pillar of this treatise. Challenges and limitations of nanotechnology in water and wastewater treatment are the hallmarks of this treatise. The entire world is faced with tough global challenges in provision of clean water and proper sanitation. Nanotechnology in water and wastewater treatment is gaining momentum gradually. Among the nanomaterials, three categories are of vital importance. They are nanoadsorbents, nanotechnology enabled membranes and nanophotocatalysts. The authors discusses these engineering issues in minute details. Surely a newer genre is in the process of regeneration in nano-abled technologies in decades to come.⁶

9. Arsenic and heavy metal groundwater contamination in South Asia and the immediate concerns:

The world of science and engineering stands mesmerized due to ever-growing crisis of arsenic and heavy metal contamination in drinking water in South Asia and other underprivileged nations around the world. Scientific and engineering intellect has no constructive answers to the scientific travails of heavy metal groundwater contamination. The immediate concerns and issues of drinking water contamination are beyond reach. In this article the author with scientific and engineering insight elucidates on the vast success of drinking water innovations and technologies in developing and developed countries around the world. Scientific and technological intellect, engineering vision and scientific perceptions will eventually be the forerunners in the research pursuit of global water science and technology. A new generation of scientific and engineering perceptions and intellect are today in the process in the field of water remediation. The success of science and engineering of water pollution control will also be a pallbearer towards the humanitarian side of arsenic groundwater remediation in developing and underprivileged nations across the globe. The authors deeply pronounces the success of nanomaterials in drinking water treatment and groundwater remediation.

Hassan et al. (2018)⁷ elucidated on the problem of arsenic in groundwater and its poisoning and risk assessment. The authors discussed in details arsenic poisoning through ages, arsenic chemistry, the global scenario of groundwater arsenic catastrophe, and spatial mapping, spatial planning and public participation of arsenic groundwater discontinuity.⁷ The authors also described in details chronic exposure of arsenic to drinking water and its environmental health concerns. Risk from groundwater arsenic exposure and its epidemiological and spatial assessment are the other hallmarks of this paper. The authors also discussed in details arsenic induced health and social hazard and survival strategies along with its experiences from arsenicosis patients. There is an immense scientific and engineering needs of arsenic and heavy metal groundwater remediation and drinking water decontamination. Scientific ardor, deep scientific prudence and insightful wisdom will all lead a long and visionary way in uncovering the truth and determination of arsenic groundwater remediation research. Policy response and arsenic mitigation in Bangladesh stands also as a major pivot of this article. Arsenic poisoning in Bangladesh and legal issues of responsibility and the visionary road ahead are the other cornerstones of this article. Arsenic and heavy metal drinking water contamination today stands tall in the middle of vision, revelation and ingenuity. The stewardship and steadfastness of global science and engineering will surely be the reawakening towards a newer visionary era in environmental pollution control and water remediation.⁷

In the global landscape, heavy metal groundwater remediation is a deep eye-opener towards a newer epoch in environmental engineering science, chemical process engineering and nanotechnology. Arsenic drinking water contamination is a serious and burning issue in the global engineering and technological landscape. Vast and varied scientific ingenuity and scientific transcendence will be the newer forerunners towards a zero- carbon emissions and zero-discharge era in environmental engineering and chemical engineering.

10. Recent scientific advancements in water and wastewater treatment:

Drinking water and industrial wastewater treatment in the global technological landscape stands in the middle of deep scientific foresight and farsightedness. Technological abundance, scientific transcendence and ingenuity of engineering science of environmental and water remediation are today in the path of newer glory.

Hashim et al. (2011)⁸ deeply described with vision and cogent insight remediation technologies for heavy metal contaminated groundwater. The contamination of groundwater by heavy metal, originating either from natural soil resources or from anthropogenic sources is a matter of immense concern for human health and public health engineering globally. Remediation and purification of groundwater and drinking water are of highest priority as billions of people around the globe depend on it for drinking water purpose. Public health engineering globally stands in the middle of immense scientific judgement and contemplation. Drinking water issues are ravaging the entire South Asia today. In this treatise, thirty-five approaches for groundwater treatment are reviewed and classified under three large categories which are chemical, biochemical/biological/biosorption and physicochemical treatment tools. The authors made comparison at the end of each process for the better understanding of each category. Selection of suitable technology is an evergrowing concern for contaminant removal at a particular site.⁸ It is one of the most challenging jobs due to extreme understanding of soil chemistry, and aquifer characteristics. In the previous decade, iron-based technologies, microbial remediation, biological sulphate reduction, and various adsorbents played versatile roles. There is an extreme need of scientific understanding of sustainability issues and environmental ethics. The authors deeply targets these scientific issues. The authors discussed in details heavy metals in ground water, its sources, chemical property and speciation. Technologies which involve chemical treatment, in-situ treatment by using reductants, reduction by dithionite, and reduction by gaseous hydrogen sulphide are dealt with vision, purpose and scientific determination in this article. Soil washing and in-situ soil washing are the other engineering pillars of this treatise. Biological, biochemical and biosorptive treatment tools are also discussed in minute details in this paper. Biosorption of heavy metals and metal removal by biosurfactants stands in the middle of deep scientific introspection and engineering vision. Physico-chemical treatment techniques such as permeable reactive barriers and its applications are dealt with deep scientific discernment and scientific determination in this article.⁸

Dasgupta et al. (2015)⁹ discussed with immense scientific foresight remediation of textile effluents by membrane-based treatment techniques in a state-of-the-art review. The textile industries hold an important position in the global industrial scenario. These industries are however major consumers of water, dyes and other toxic chemicals. The effluents discharged from these industries without prior treatment become potential sources of pollution due to their serious deleterious effects on human ecosystems. This review paper thus illustrates the contribution of membrane technology towards textile effluent treatment and raw material recovery and reuse. The authors discussed in minute details various stages of textile manufacturing industry, its composition and characteristics of the generated wastewaters. Scientific imagination, scientific provenance and deep engineering ingenuity will all go a long way in unveiling the scientific truth of textile dye treatment. Membrane based processes such as microfiltration, ultrafiltration, and reverse osmosis are the other areas of deep scientific contemplation. Modeling and analysis are the other hallmarks of this treatise.⁹

Shannon et al. (2008)¹⁰ discussed with scientific girth, determination and perseverance science and technology of water purification in the coming decades. One of the burning problems in this century are inadequate access to clean water and proper sanitation. Problems with water are expected to grow worse in the coming decades with water scarcity occurring rapidly in the global scientific firmament. The many and vicious problems worldwide with the lack of clean and potable water are well known, 1.2 billion people lack access to drinking water, 2.6 billion people have little or no sanitation, millions of people die annually, 3900 children die annually from diseases transmitted through contaminated water. The authors discussed in minute details disinfection, decontamination, reuse and reclamation. Desalination is the other avenue of scientific and engineering introspection of this article. The work highlighted in this article plus the tremendous amount of additional research being conducted in every nook and corner of the world is sowing the seeds of a revolution in water purification, water reuse and agricultural sciences. Biotechnology, biological sciences and engineering as well as agronomy and agricultural engineering are today the hallmarks of science and technology today. The authors deeply discusses these issues.¹⁰

Gogate et al. (2004)¹¹ reviewed imperative technologies for wastewater treatment and oxidation technologies at ambient conditions. The vision and ingenuity of environmental pollution control and water integrity are in the path of newer scientific rejuvenation. Nowadays, due to increasing presence of recalcitrant molecules, refractory to microorganisms in the wastewater streams, the conventional biological treatments cannot be used for dye removal from wastewater treatments. Thus, the imminent needs of oxidation techniques and advanced oxidation techniques. This article highlights five different oxidation processes which are cavitation, photocatalytic oxidation, Fenton’s chemistry, and ozonation. Besides use of hydrogen peroxide stands as a huge pivot of this article. Optimum operating parameters and the reactor design aspects with a complete overview of hybrid advanced oxidation processes are the other hallmarks of this review article. The authors deeply discussed cavitation, acoustic cavitation, optimum operating parameters for sonochemical reactors, hydrodynamic cavitation, photocatalysis and the research work done in recent years. Fenton chemistry and recent advancements in the field of integrated advanced oxidation processes are the other areas of scientific research pursuit.¹¹

Science, technology and mankind are today in the path of newer scientific and engineering rejuvenation. The needs of human society are immense as civilization treads forward. The authors deeply pronounces the needs of conventional and non-conventional environmental engineering techniques in the true future emancipation of water remediation and water integrity.

11. The scientific doctrine and deep scientific ingenuity in the field of application of nanotechnology in drinking water and industrial wastewater treatment:

Water and wastewater treatment today stands as a huge colossus in the midst of a deep chasm of scientific forbearance and deep scientific discernment. MXenes and nanomaterials are today in the forefront of scientific and engineering initiatives in the vast and varied global landscape. Application of MXenes, nanomaterials and engineered nanomaterials will surely be the eye-openers to all academicians, policy makers and researchers globally. Science, civilization and mankind are today in the process of newer scientific and engineering innovations. MXenes can have tremendous applications in diverse areas of science and engineering. The scientific doctrine of application of MXenes in environmental preservation and conservation will sure throw new light in application areas of nanotechnology globally. The vast vision of scientific stance, scientific alacrity and acuity in the field of nanomaterials applications are absolutely crystal clear. The author in this treatise deeply elucidates and pursues the needs of MXenes in the futuristic vision and emancipation of nanotechnology globally. Today science and engineering has no answers to the rigmaroles of arsenic and heavy metal groundwater contamination. This article will surely pave the way towards a newer epoch in the field of both nanomaterials as well as MXenes.

12. The vast and veritable knowledge prowess of integrated water resource management and the vast road ahead:

Integrated water resource management and wastewater management are in the middle of a deep chasm of deep scientific contemplation and technological vision. Drinking water treatment and industrial wastewater treatment in the similar vision and goal is moving towards an era of vast carbon sequestration. The knowledge prowess and engineering provenance of integrated water resource management, conventional and non-conventional environmental engineering tools will be the true eye openers towards newer scientific frontiers of water engineering and water integrity. Green sustainability and water sustainability are the needs of human race today. Sustainable and equitable growth in the field of climate change mitigation and climate advocacy will widen scientific thoughts, scientific intellect and engineering truth in decades to come. Water is a precious item for human civilization today. Sustainable development goals are today directly linked with scientific advancements and engineering ingenuity of water science and technology. Integrated water resource engineering and integrated water resource engineering are today the hallmarks of water remediation, water science and technology. Water integrity and environmental integrity are today opposite sides of the scientific and visionary coin. The futuristic vision of industrial pollution control is today aligned with clean water-clean energy nexus. Human scientific imagination, scientific ingenuity and scientific provenance will lead a long and visionary way in the unveiling the scientific truth of environmental and water pollution control. The remarkable vision of human civilization will today usher in a newer dawn in the field of environmental engineering, nanotechnology and nano-biotechnology. Striving for excellence, striving for intellect and the striving for successful scientific endeavor will also widen human vision in environmental engineering and chemical process engineering.

13. Technological and engineering vision in the field of membrane separation processes, desalination and water treatment:

The world of challenges, trials and tribulations of man and mankind are today transforming the vital needs of human society such as energy and environmental sustainability. Membrane separation processes, desalination and water treatment are today aligned with each other as human progress confronts with climate change mitigation, global warming and carbon sequestration. The forefronts of technological and engineering advancements in chemical process engineering and nanotechnology are widely and vastly changing the distant scientific advancements and the distant engineering landscape. Human scientific research pursuit and human scientific vision and rigor in the field of environmental engineering science are today in the deep gorge of scientific forbearance and engineering inquiry. The spirit of scientific inquiry in the field of environmental protection needs to be re-envisioned and redrafted with the march forward of man and mankind.^12,13,14,15

14. Zero- carbon emission, clean energy and the visionary road ahead:

Energy sustainability and clean water and clean energy nexus are today at the zenith of human scientific research endeavor. Carbon sequestration and clean energy and their engineering vision and scientific forbearance will all lead a long and visionary way in truly unfurling the needs of human society and scientific progress today. A truly engineering and technological vision and prudence are the necessities of the hour. Zero-carbon emission and the indeliable imprint of energy sustainability in human race will also be the path-breakers towards an equitable, inclusive and sustainable growth. Today a nation’s economy and progress depends on the success of United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. Clean energy and clean drinking water are today highly neglected in developing and underprivileged nations around the globe. Thus, the utmost and dire need of science and engineering of energy and environmental sustainability. Man, and mankind today are in the deep chasm of ardent and avid scientific introspection. Global futuristic scientific thoughts and scientific ingenuity and fortitude depends on food technology, food security, water integrity, agricultural sciences and engineering and climate science. The doors of scientific justification and engineering judgement in the domain of environmental pollution control and water treatment are treading forward towards a newer visionary era of vision, purpose and engineering alacrity. The visionary road ahead in smart agricultural sciences and food security is path-breaking and replete with ardent vision, scientific courage, scientific determination and deep righteousness. Thus, the newer awakening in the field of nanotechnology and environmental engineering will surely evolve if human mankind struggles forward towards carbon sequestration, climate action and water and wastewater treatment.^16,17,18

15. Futuristic vision of the science of integrated water resource management and the vast vision for the future:

Integrated water resource management and wastewater management are the marvels of environmental engineering science and climate science today. ^{19,20,21,22,23} The messiah of global science and engineering are today the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. The futuristic vision of integrated water resource management is today targeted towards better and holistic approach towards sustainable and equitable growth. The dawn of human civilization and the vast scientific and academic rigor of global solid waste management concept is today ushering in new areas of research and development areas in the field of global research and development initiatives in water pollution control, land re-use and water re-use. Land re-use is today linked with global land reforms today. In the similar vision, water reuse is aligned with the science of desalination and membrane science. Reverse osmosis, ultrafiltration and nanofiltration are revolutionizing different path-breaking areas of science and technology today. There is a huge need of membrane science in water and wastewater treatment. The answers to the true vision of arsenic and heavy metal groundwater remediation still remains unanswered as science, engineering and civilization treads forward. Developing and underprivileged nations around the world are in the throes of this unmitigated water science disaster. Research and development prowess, the vast futuristic vision of chemical process engineering and applied chemistry and the vast vision of the science of nanotechnology will veritably uncover the scientific intricasies and the scientific difficulties of global research and development forays in water science and technology. The dawn of human mankind thus will usher in a newer epoch in water sustainability and water integrity in the field of environmental protection science in decades to come.^{19,20,21,
22, 23}

16. Futuristic vision and futuristic flow of thoughts in the domain of solid waste management:

The futuristic vision of science and technology of waste management and nanotechnology are moving and overcoming one visionary boundary over another. The frontiers of solid waste management, drinking water and industrial wastewater treatment still needs to be envisioned as science, engineering and humankind moves towards a newer epoch in environmental protection science and climate science. Today there are immense challenges and scientific ardor in the field of application of sustainable development in solid waste management. Today the human civilization is moving towards zero carbon emissions. Application of MXenes in environmental protection are the cornerstones of human scientific advancements today. The veritable dawn of a new civilization and a newer dawn is in the process of emerging as researchers, academicians and scientists around the globe takes affirmative steps in combating industrial air pollution and the applications of MXenes. The domain of solid waste management is today in the process of scientific and engineering re-envisioning and restructuring. The futuristic vision and the futuristic flow of scientific thoughts should be targeted towards successful implementation of United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. Scientific provenance, deep scientific intellect and scientific progeny will go a long and visionary way in the true realization of nanotechnology, sustainability and environmental management. The crux of this article targets these issues. MXenes are today showing the vast, visionary and varied avenues of global science and engineering. A newer dawn in the field of nanomaterials and MXenes will surely evolve if a concerted effort and a concerted endeavor is rightly taken from the point of view of environmental, green and energy sustainability.

17. Conclusion, environmental engineering and nanotechnology perspectives:

The challenges of today’s human civilization are vast and varied. A newer beginning of civilization and mankind are ushering in as man moves from one scientific frontier towards another. Water science and nanotechnology today stands tall in the midst of deep scientific revelation and scientific and engineering justification. The future environmental engineering perspectives are today ushering in a newer visionary era in solid waste management and wastewater management. The environmental protection science and climate science are in the paths of immense scientific and engineering catastrophe. MXenes will surely revolutionize the scientific firmament. Human civilization’s immense scientific stance and regeneration and the needs of human mankind will surely be the pallbearers towards a newer era in global public health engineering scenario. Solid waste management and drinking water and wastewater treatment are part and parcel of public health engineering. The immediate needs of human civilization are better sanitation and pure drinking water. Public health engineering is also one of the citadels of science and technology today. Industrial pollution abatement and the larger cause of climate change mitigation will surely widen human views in the field of global environmental engineering science. The vast scientific stance, scientific aura and scientific benediction will also be the absolute path breakers in solid waste management, water remediation and application of nanomaterials. The futuristic vision of a remarkable era is very near as academicians, scientists and policymakers around the globe makes deep and concerted efforts in pollution control abatement and environmental remediation. Science and technology will then surely be the eye-openers towards a newer scientific genre and a newer environmental engineering and nanotechnology perspective in decades to come. MXenes is a remarkable area of global scientific and engineering initiative today. The application of MXenes in water integrity will veritably open up newer windows of scientific provenance and scientific far-sightedness in days to come. The authors deeply delve into these scientific ingenuities in the application areas of nanomaterials and engineered nanomaterials.

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Received on 03.07.2025 Revised on 23.07.2025

Accepted on 07.08.2025 Published on 12.08.2025

Available online from August 18, 2025

Asian J. Research Chem.2025; 18(4):274-284.

DOI: 10.52711/0974-4150.2025.00043

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