ISSN

0974-4150 (Online)
0974-4169 (Print)


Author(s): Avijit Banerji, Rina Saha, Maya Gupta, Julie Banerji, Manosi Das, V. Subhose, P.V.V. Prasad

Email(s): rinaasaha@gmail.com

DOI: 10.52711/0974-4150.2021.00042   

Address: Avijit Banerji1,2*, Rina Saha2,3, Maya Gupta2, Julie Banerji2, Manosi Das1, V. Subhose1, P.V.V. Prasad1
1Central Ayurveda Research Institute, 4 Minerva Road, CN Block, Sector V, Kolkata 700091, West Bengal, India.
2Centre of Advanced Studies on Natural Products including Organic Synthesis
Department of Chemistry, University Colleges of Science and Technology, University of Calcutta, 92 Acharya Prafulla Chandra Road, Kolkata - 700009, West Bengal, India.
3Chemistry Department, Maharani Sudarshan College, Bikanir 334001, Rajasthan, India.
*Corresponding Author

Published In:   Volume - 14,      Issue - 4,     Year - 2021


ABSTRACT:
3,3'-Di-indolylmethane derivatives are important biologically active compounds possessing anti-cancer properties. Hence, development of synthetic routes to these are of great interest to organic chemists. In the present communication we report a high-yield method using mild reaction conditions and short reaction times for the synthesis of 3,3'-di-indolylmethane derivatives. The method involved reactions of indole and substituted indoles with C,N-disubstituted nitrones in the presence of acid catalysts, with the utilisation of microwave irradiation techniques. Reactions of indole, 2-methyl indole and 2-phenyl indole were performed with ten different C,N-diaryl- and C-aryl-N-methyl- nitrones in dichloromethane solution in the absence and presence of acid catalysts, viz. ytterbium triflate, p-toluene sulphonic acid and Montmorillonite clay K-10. Reaction times varied between 2 to 18 minutes. In general, yields of the catalysed reactions were above 75%. The products were characterised spectroscopically, including two-dimensional NMR studies. The microwave irradiation technique enhanced reaction rates by a significant amount. Ytterbium triflate proved to be the best catalyst, giving clean reactions, without formation of by-products, in high yields. The structure and conformation of 3,3'-di-indolyl-phenylmethane were computed. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT: We report a high-yield method using mild reaction conditions and short reaction times for the synthesis of 3,3'-di-indolylmethane derivatives, involving reactions of indole and substituted indoles with C, N-disubstituted nitrones in the presence of acid catalysts using microwave irradiation.


Cite this article:
Avijit Banerji, Rina Saha, Maya Gupta, Julie Banerji, Manosi Das, V. Subhose, P.V.V. Prasad. Synthesis of 3,3′- Di-indolylmethanes under mild conditions by Microwave Irradiation Mediated Reactions of Indoles with C, N-Diaryl nitrones. Asian Journal of Research in Chemistry. 2021; 14(4):247-4. doi: 10.52711/0974-4150.2021.00042

Cite(Electronic):
Avijit Banerji, Rina Saha, Maya Gupta, Julie Banerji, Manosi Das, V. Subhose, P.V.V. Prasad. Synthesis of 3,3′- Di-indolylmethanes under mild conditions by Microwave Irradiation Mediated Reactions of Indoles with C, N-Diaryl nitrones. Asian Journal of Research in Chemistry. 2021; 14(4):247-4. doi: 10.52711/0974-4150.2021.00042   Available on: https://ajrconline.org/AbstractView.aspx?PID=2021-14-4-3


REFERENCES:
1.    Joule JA and Smith, GF. Heterocyclic Chemistry. Blackwell Science, London. 2000; 4th edition: pp. 324-325.
2.    Sundberg RJ. The Chemistry of Indoles. Academic Press: New York. 1970; 1st edition,
3.    Houlihan WJ. Indoles. Part 1, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York. 1972; 1st edition.
4.    Das PK, Sahu R, Behera PK, Garnaik BK. A manifold implications of indole and its derivatives: A brief Review. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2017; 10(3): 923-936.
5.    Patel PC, Pareek A, Dharma Kishore. Synthesis and evaluation of analogues of indole. Asian Journal of Research in Chemistry. 2016; 9(7): 296-328.
6.    Nimbalkar D, Maske PP, Lokapure SG, Heralagi RV, Kalyane NV. Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Some Indole Derivatives. Asian Journal of Research in Chemistry. 2012; 5(7): 837-842.
7.    Rudrangi SRR, Bontha VK, Manda VR, Bethi S. Oxindoles and Their Pharmaceutical Significance - An Overview. Asian Journal of Research in Chemistry. 2011; 4(3): 335-338.
8.    Zeligs M. A Diet and Estrogen Status: the Cruciferous Connection. Medicinal Foods. 1998; Vol. 1, pp. 67.
9.    Cragg GM, Grothaus PG, Newman D. Impact of Natural Products on developing new anti-cancer agents. Journal of Chemical Reviews. 2009; 109: 3012-3043.
10.    Shiri M, Zolfigol MA, Gerhardus Kruger H, Tanbakouchian Z. Bis and trisindolylmethanes (BIMs and TIMs). Chemical Reviews, 2010; 110 (4): 2250-2293.
11.    Hong C, Firestone GL, Bjeldanes L. FCytostatic effects of 3,3'-diindolylmethane in human endometrial cancer cells result from an estrogen receptor-mediated increase in transforming growth factor-alpha expression. Biochemical Pharmacology, 2002; 63; s 1085.
12.    Nachshon-Kedmi MN, Yannai S, Haj A, Fares FA. Indole-3carbinol and 3,3'-diindolylmethane induce apoptosis in human prostate cancer cells. Food Chemical Toxicology. 2003; 41(6): 745.
13.    Hajare RA, Parwani KS, Bajad SA, Chandekar NA, Chandewar AV. Breast Cancer and Indole -3-Carbinol: Controversy of Estrogen Level and Enzyme Elastase. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2009; 2 (3): 439-440.
14.    Michnovics JJ, Bradlow HL. Food phytochemicals Vol. I: Fruits and Vegetables 1993, 282.
15.    Bell MC, Crowley-Nowick P, Bradlow HL, Sepkovic DW, Schmidt-Grimminger D, Howell P, Mayeaux EJ, Tucker A, Turbat-Herrera EA, Mathis JM. Placebo-Controlled Trial of Indole-3-Carbinol in the Treatment of CIN. Gynecologic Oncology. 2000; 78 (2): 123-129.
16.    Kaishap PP, Dohutia C. Synthetic approaches for bis(indolyl)methanes. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 2013; Vol. 4(4): 1312-1322.       
17.    Karmakar B, Nayak A, Chowdhury B, Banerji J. A highly efficient, eco-friendly, room temperature synthesis of bis(indol-3-yl) methanes using the mesoporous titanosilicate Ti-TUD-l. ARKIVOC. 2009; (xii): 209-216.
18.    Dawane BS, Chobe SS, Kinkar SN, Mandawad GG, Yemul OS, Kamble RD, Shinde AV. Bleaching Earth Catalyzed Synthesis of Bis (Indolyl) Methane’s Derivatives in (Polyethylene Glycol) PEG-400. Research Journal of Science and Technology. 2011; 3(5): 251-256.
19.    Azizi N, Gholibeghlo E, Manocheri Z. Green procedure for the synthesis of bis(indolyl)methanes in water. Scientia Iranica: Transactions C: Chemistry and Chemical Engineering. 2012; 19 (3): 574-578.
20.    Banerji J, Kumar M, Sarkar S. Reactions of indole with benzalaniline. Indian Journal of Chemistry. 1983; 22B (1): 27-29.
21.    Banerji J, Saha M, Chakrabarti R, Das AK, Pandit UK, Chatterjee A. Reaction of indoles with iminium systems. Indian Journal of Chemistry. 1986; 25B: 1204-1208.
22.    Kundavaram R, Gayathri Devi M, Siva Kumar B, Archana T,  Manoja MG, Sai Kumar JN. Synthesis and Biological Screening of some Novel 3-Subsituted Indole Derivatives. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2020; 13(12):5787-5792.
23.    Radhika C, Akena V, Venkateshwar Rao J, Sarangapani M. Synthesis and Cytotoxic Activity of New Indole Derivatives. Asian Journal of Research Chem. 2010; 3(4): 965-968.
24.    Nazimuddin S, Farooqui M. An Efficient Nickel Chloride Catalyzed Multi-Component Condensation of Indole with Carbonyl Compounds in PEG-400 as a Green Medium at Ambient Conditions. Asian Journal of Research in Chemistry. 2017; 10(3):267-270.
25.    A. Banerji A, Sahu A. Recent advances in cycloaddition reactions of nitrones.  Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research. 1986; 45 (7-8): 355-69.
26.    Banerji A, Sengupta P. Recent studies on 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of nitrones. Journal of Indian Institute of Science. 2001; 81 (3): 313-323.         
27.    Acharjee N, Banerji A, Gayen B. Cycloaddition approach to five-membered heterocycles – Some recent experimental and theoretical aspects. Journal of Indian Chemical Society. 2011: 88 (12), 1857-77.
28.    Banerji A, Biswas PK, Bandyopadhyay D, Gupta M, Prangé T, A. Neuman A. Investigation of cycloadditions of C-aryl-N-(4-chlorophenyl) nitrones to N-cinnamoyl piperidines. Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry. 2007; 44 (1): 137-143.
29.    Banerji A, Mukhopadhyay AK. Reactions of some indole derivatives with nitrones. Indian Journal of Chemistry. 1982; 21B (3): 239-41.  
30.    Banerji A, Biswas PK, Sengupta P, Dasgupta S, Gupta M. Microwave irradiation assisted synthesis of N-methyl-C-aryl nitrones. Indian Journal of Chemistry.  2004; 43B (4): 880-881.     
31.    Banerji A, Biswas PK, Gupta M, Saha R, Banerji J. Microwave irradiation assisted synthesis and spectroscopic characterisation studies of C,N-diarylnitrones. Journal of Indian Chemical Society. 2007; 84, 1004-1010.
32.    Loupy A. Microwave in Organic Synthesis, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. 2006.
33.    Yadav AR, Mohite SK. A Brief Review: Microwave Chemistry and its Applications. Research Journal of Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Technology. 2020; 12(3):191-197.
34.    Yadav AR, Mohite SK, Magdum CS. Microwave assisted synthesis of some Traditional reactions: Green chemistry approach. Asian Journal of Research in Chemistry.  2020; 13(4):275-278.
35.    Banerji A, Saha R, Acharjee N. Reaction Intermediates for Microwave Irradiation Assisted Synthesis of N-Aryl Enaminoketones and their subsequent conversion to Quinolines An experimental and DFT Study. Asian Journal of Research in Chemistry. 2019; 12(2):103-111.
36.    Vogel AI. A Text Book of Practical Organic Chemistry. Longmans, London. 1978; 4th edition; p. 722.
37.    Shriner RL, Ashley WC, Welch E. In Organic Synthesis, Collected Volume 3, Edited by Horning EC. John Wiley & Sons, New York, p.725.
38.    Kumar RA, Naveen S, Kumar TOS, Mahadevan KM, Kumara MN, Lokanath NK. Synthesis, Characterization and Crystal structure studies of 2-[(4-chlorophenyl) (1H-indol-3-yl)methyl]-1H-indole. Der Pharma Chemica. 2016; 8 (13): 242-246.

Recomonded Articles:

Asian Journal of Research in Chemistry (AJRC) is an international, peer-reviewed journal devoted to pure and applied chemistry..... Read more >>>

RNI: Not Available                     
DOI: 10.5958/0974-4150 

Popular Articles


Recent Articles




Tags