ABSTRACT:
This Water pollution by organic pollutants have remained a matter of significant apprehension since they tend to accumulate in the body to toxic levels and are often resistant to degradation and consequently endure in the surroundings for an extended duration. Phenolic compounds are among organic pollutants that have gained significant attention in research, due to the various ways these compounds can be used in our everyday activities. Among the most common derivatives of phenols is P-Nitrophenol (PNP), which is one of the most common and toxic pollutants found in wastewater. The nutshells were first charred in a muffle furnace at 600 ? C. The resultant ash was then activated and utilized for the adsorption of PNP from the wastewater. In this study, we utilized macadamia nutshell waste, both in its untreated and activated forms, which had been prepared earlier, to investigate the thermodynamic aspects of adsorbing p-Nitrophenol ions from wastewater. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images demonstrated the existence of pores within the adsorbent material, which proved to be advantageous for the adsorption process. Furthermore, the Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results indicated the presence of functional groups in both the unaltered and modified resins, highlighting their significance as sites for studying the thermodynamics of adsorbing copper p-Nitrophenol ions. The thermodynamic analysis revealed that the standard Gibbs' free energy (?G°) values for all metals were negative, indicating that the adsorption process was not only feasible but also favorable. Additionally, the standard enthalpy change (?H°), standard entropy (?S°), and activation energy (Ea) were all positive and greater than 50 kJ mol-1. This observation confirmed that the adsorption of p-Nitrophenol ions onto both unaltered and modified adsorbents was primarily governed by chemical interactions between the PNP ions and the active sites of the adsorbent material. This conclusion was further supported by the exceedingly low values of sticking probability (S*). This investigation did not only show a good performance of the modified macadamia agricultural waste in adsorbing the PNP ions but also provided another way of reducing the negative effects caused by the nutshells disposed in the environment.
Cite this article:
Lydiah Nanjala Simiyu, Esther Wanja Nthiga. Activated carbon from macadamia nutshells for removal of p-Nitrophenol from real wastewater: Thermodynamic evaluation. Asian Journal of Research in Chemistry. 2024; 17(3):127-3. doi: 10.52711/0974-4150.2024.00024
Cite(Electronic):
Lydiah Nanjala Simiyu, Esther Wanja Nthiga. Activated carbon from macadamia nutshells for removal of p-Nitrophenol from real wastewater: Thermodynamic evaluation. Asian Journal of Research in Chemistry. 2024; 17(3):127-3. doi: 10.52711/0974-4150.2024.00024 Available on: https://ajrconline.org/AbstractView.aspx?PID=2024-17-3-1
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